GoAbroadIELTS

Table of Contents


Remember

  • describe what you see,dont give opinions
  • no conclusion,instead a summary

type:

  • line graph
  • Bar chart
  • Pie chart
  • Pie chart
  • Table
  • Diagram - comparing
  • Diagram - process

structure:

  • Introducion:one sentence,Paraphrase the question
  • Overview: two sentences,the main and general things
  • Details: 特点1
  • Details: 特点2

评分标准:



Line Graph

  • Genral Comparison and Detailed Comparison

Introduction

The graph below shows electricity production(in terawatt hours) in France between 1980 and 2012.

The line graph compares the amount of electricity produced in France using four different sources over a period of 32 years.

pharase：

  • the graph below shows -> the line graph compares
  • electricity production -> the amount of electricity produced
  • between 1980 and 2012 -> over a period of 32 years
  • add: in France（from tittle）

Overview

  • highest and lowest

It is clear the nuclear power was by far the most important means of electricity generation over the period shown.Renewables provided the lowest amount of electricity in each year.

Details

  • 1980对比
  • 交叉点

In 1980,thermal power stations were the main source of electricity in France,generating around 120 terawatt hours of power. Nuclear and hydroelectric provided a negligible amount. Just one year later,nuclear power overlook thermal power as the primary source of electricity.

  • 趋势
  • 峰值

Between 1980 and 2005,electricity production from nuclear power rose dramatically to a peak of 430 terawatt hours. By contrast,the figure for thermal power fell to only 50 terawatt hour s in 1985, and reamined at this level for the rest of the period. Hydroelectric power generation remained relatively stable,at between 50 and 80 terawatt hours,for the whole 32-year period,but renewable electricity production saw only a small rise to approximately 25 terawatt hours by 2012.

Vocabulary：

  • amount of electricity produced
  • source of provided/generating
  • means of electricity generation
  • over a period of/over the period shown
  • by far the most important
  • a negligible amount
  • unclear power overtook thermal power
  • as the primary source of electricity
  • rose dramatically to a peak of
  • by contrast
  • remained at this level,remianed stable
  • saw only a small rise

Bar Chart

  • Compare bars

Introduction

  • paraphrase the question

The chart below shows global sales of the top five moible phone brands between 2009 and 2013

The chart compares the number of mobile phone sold worldwide by the five most popular manufacturers in the year 2009, 2011, and 2013.

paraphrase:

  • the chart below shows -> the bat chart compares
  • global sales of the top five mobile phone brands -> the number of mobile phone sold wordwide bu the five most popular manufacuturers
  • between 2009 and 2013 -> in the year 2009 ,2011 and 2013

Overview

  • most
  • trend

It is clear that Nokia sold the most mobile phones between 2009 and 2011,but Samsung became the best selling brand in 2013.Samsung and Apple saw the biggest rise in sale s over the 5-year period.

Details

  • 2
  • compare Samsung with Nokia
  • trend
  • most
  • 2009
  • over the following four years

In 2009,Nokia sold close to 450 million mobile phones, which was almost double the number of handsets sold by the second most successful manufacturer,Samsung. Over the following four years,however, Nokia’s sale fell by approximately 200 milliion units,whereas Samsung saw sale rise by a similar amount. By 2013,Samsung had become market leader with sales reaching 450 milliion units.

The other three top selling mobile phone brands between 2009 and 2013 were LG,ZTE and Apple. In 2009,these companies sold around 125 million,50 million and 25 millon mobile phone handsets respectively, but Apple overtook the other two vendors in 2011. In 2013,purchase of Apple handsets reached 150 million units,while LG saw declining sales and the figures for ZTE rose only slightly.

Vocabulary: pharaphrasing,comparing and change over time

  • sold worldwide
  • sales figures,purchases
  • most popular,best selling brand,top selling
  • second most successful manufacturer
  • market leader
  • mobile phones,handsets,units
  • brands,manufacturers,companies,vendors
  • saw the biggest rise, saw declining sales
  • close to, almost,approximately,around
  • double the number
  • rise by a similar amount
  • respectively

Pie charts

  • show numbers and percentages

Introduction

The charts below show household spending patterns in two countries between 1980 and 2008.

The pie charts compare five categories of household expenditure in the UK and New Zealand in the years 1980 and 2008.

pharaphrase :

  • household spending patterns -> five categories of household expenditure
  • in two coutries -> in the UK and New Zeland
  • between 1980 and 2008 -> in the years 1980 and 2008

Overview

  • no number
  • both trend
  • 相反的 trend

It is noticeable that the proportion of spending on food and drink fell in both countries over the 28-year period,while spending on utility bills rose. Also,UK residents spent a significantly larger percentage of their household budgets on leisure than their New Zeland counterparts.

Details

  • 针对Overview中的第一句话进行详细的比较
  • 1980 and 2008
  • Food & drink
  • Utility bills

In 1980,29% of anverage New Zealand household budget went food and drink, while the equivalent figure for a UK home was 23%. By 2008,expenditure on food and drink had fallen by 4% in New Zeland and buy a full 10% in the UK. By contrast,both countries saw an increase in expenditure on utility bills for the average home,from 27% to 31% in New Zealand and from 26% to 28% in the UK.

  • 针对Overview中的第二句话进行详细的比较

Leisure activities accounted for the highest proportion of UK household spending in both years, but only the third highest proportion in the New Zealand. In fact, in 2008, New Zealand spent only half as much in relative terms on recreation(17%) as UK residents(24%). In both countries, transport costs and other costs took roughly 15% and 10% of household budgets respectively.

tips:

  • Compare across countries and years.
  • Refer to each category.
  • Separate features in overview and details.
  • Mention “Other” briefly.
  • Avoid simplistic statements like “X was Y%”.

Vocabulary:

  • spending, expenditure,spent,costs
  • proportion of spending
  • percentage of household budget
  • the equivalent figure for a UK home
  • fell,rose,saw an increase in
  • by 2008,expenditure had fallen
  • spent a significantly larger percentage
  • than their New Zealadnd counterparts
  • 29% of an average household bydget went to
  • while ,by contrast
  • leisure accounted for the highest proportion
  • spent half as much in relative terms
  • recreation

Tables

Tables can show:

  • any kind of number
  • the smae information as a line graph, bar chart or pie chart
  • comparisons
  • changes over time
  • a lot of information

A key skill is ‘selecting’ which information to mention

Overview

The table below shows statistics about the top five countries for international tourism in 2012 and 2013.

The table compares the five highest ranking coutries in terms of the numbers of visits and the money spent by tourists over a period of two years.

Introducion

It is clear that France was the world’s most popular tourist destination in the years 2012 and 2013. However, the USA earned by far the most revenue from tourism over the same period.

Details

In 2012, 83 million tourists visited France, and the USA was the second most visited country, with 66.7 million tourists. Spain and China each received just under 58 million visitors, while Italy was ranked fifth with 46.4 million tourists. 2013 saw a rise of between 1 and 4 million tourist visits to each country, with the exception of China, which received 2 million fewer visitors than in the previous year.

Spending by tourists visiting the USA increased from $126.2 billion in 2012 to $139.6 billion in 2013, and these figures were well over twice as high as those for any other country. Spain received the second highest amounts of tourist revenue, rising from $56.3 billion to $60.4 billion, followed by France, China and Italy. Interestingly, despite falling numbers of tourists, Chinese revenue from tourism rose by $1.7 billion in 2013.

Key skill: selecting information—You can’t mention every number.

Volcabulary

  • five highest ranking countries
  • the world’s most popular tourist destination
  • earned by far the most
  • revenue from tourism
  • the second most visited country
  • received…visitors
  • ranked fifith
  • 2013 saw a rise of
  • fewer visitors than in the previous year
  • these figures were well over twice as high as
  • amount of tourist revenue
  • despite falling numbers
  • saw a rise, increased, rising form, rose by

2 different charts

  • First, look for one main feature in each chart
  • Second, describe specific numbers for each chart separately

Overview

The bar chart below shows the numbers of men and woman attending various evening courses at an audlt education centre in the year 2009. The pie chart gives information about the ages of these course participants.

The bar chart compares the numbers of males and females who took four different evening classes in 2009, and the pie chart shows the age profile of these attendees.

Introduction

It is clear that significantly more women than men atteded evening classes at the education centre. We can also see that evening courses were much more popular among older adults.

Details

According to the bar chart, drama, painting and language courses all attracted more woman than men to the education centre in 2009. Language classes had the highest number of participants overall, with 40 female and 20 male students, while painting was a popular choice among both genders, attracting 30 females and 25 male attendees. The only course with a higher number of males was sculpture, but this course was taken by a mere 15 people in total.

Looking at the age profile pie chart, we can see that the majority of people attending evening lessons were over 40 years of age. To be precise, 42% of them ere aged 50 or more, and 26% were aged between 40 and 49. Younger adults were in the minority, with only 11% of students aged 20 to 29,and only 5% aged under 20.

Vocabulary

  • attending course, who took classes
  • participants, attendees, students
  • males and females
  • course attracted more woman
  • a popular choice among both genders
  • significantly more, higher, highest
  • had the highest number, with(number)
  • was taken by a mere 15 people
  • According to the bar chart
  • Looing at the age profile pie chart
  • the majority of people
  • were in the minority
  • To be precise

Process diagram

Differences:

  • no numbers
  • can’t compare anything
  • can’t describe trends

–

So what can we describe?

  • how many steps
  • where the process begins and ends
  • each step in the process

–

Language for process descriptions:

  • steps language
  • passive verbs

Overview

The diagrams below show how galss containers, such as bottles, are producted and recycled.

The first flow diagram illustrates the process of glass container production, and the second diagram shows steps in the process of recycling used glass.

Introduction

We can see that glass is made using three main raw materials, and that the manufacturing process consists of four distinct stages. // It requires five steps to turn used glass into new glass products.

Details

At the first stage in the production of glass, sand, soda ash, limestone and other chemicals are mixed together. Next, this mixture is heated in a glass furnace at approximately 1500‘C to produce molten glass. THe molten glass can then be shaped, by blowing, to create the end products, namely glass containers.

Glass recycling begins with the collection of used galss products. The collected glass is sorted according to its colour, and then washed in order to remove any impurities. At the fourth stage of recycling, the glass is crushed and melted, and the resulting molten glass can finally be moulded to create new items.

Vocabulary

  • steps/stages in the process of
  • consists of four distinct stages
  • it reuqires five steps
  • raw materials, end products
  • production, manufacturing
  • turn used glass into new products
  • at the first stage, next, then, begins with
  • ate mixed, is heated, can be shaped
  • is sorted according to
  • can be moulded to create
  • are mixed -> this mixture
  • collected -> the collected glass
  • is melted -> the resulting molten glass

Comparison diagram

Comparison diagrams show:

  • changes to something
  • two alternative designs
  • even two alternative locations on a map

–

Your job is to compare the diagrams:

  • Describe the changes
  • Descirbe things that don’t change
  • Describe the differences
  • Describe the similarities

Overview

The diagrams below show the existing ground floor plan of a house and a proposed plan for some building work.

The two prictures compare the current layout of the ground floor of a house with a plan to redesign the same living space.

Introduction

We can see that the new design proposal involves marking a number of changes to the ground floor of the house, mainly in the central hall area. There are no plans to change external walls or entrances.

Details

The most noticeable change from the existing to the proposed floor plan is that there whill no longer be a separete hall area when the building work has been done. This will be achived by removing the internal wall and foor between the hall and living room, along with the current staircase and understair storage cupboard. With no separate hall area, the proposed living room will also contain the staircase to the first floor.

To replace the current straight staircase, a new set of winding stairs will be installed in the corner of the living room. The internal door between the hall and kitchen will also be replaced with double doors connecting the kitchen with the new living room. Finally, the planned building work will also include the installation of some kitchen furniture.

Vocabulary

  • existing plan -> current layout
  • proposed plan -> plan to redesign
  • design proposal, planned building work
  • there will no longer be
  • this will be achieved by removing
  • will also contain, will also include
  • will be installed, will be replaced
  • the design proposal involves
  • when the building work has been done
  • living space, central hall area, staircase
  • under-stair storage cupboard
  • a new set of winding stairs
  • the installation of some kitchen furniture

20min教会你写好小作文

开头

结构：This/These graph/chart/table compare/indicate/show/illustrate/contains/give the information

分类简单：This chart shows the percentage of British people living a solitary life of 5 age groups in terms of XXX in the four years (of 1850,1900, 1950, and 2000)

分类复杂：

  • The information given by the table is about the proportion of buyer expenditure on eating, dressing and leisure in five different nations in 2002
  • The table indiacates the proportion of buyer expenditure in five different nations on eating, dressing and leisure in 2002

中间-动态图

如果是预测值：be likely to/ be projected to/ be predicted to/ be expected to

Main body:

  • 趋势类型分组：上升/下降
  • 变化幅度分组：不变，有变化
  • 按照时间分组

上升动词：climb < increase rise/grow < jump/surge/soar/escalate/shoot up

上升名词：increase,rise,growth,jump,surge,an upward trend

下降动词：slide < decrease/drop/decline/fall/dip < subside/slump/plunge

下降名词：decrease,drop,decline,fall,reduction,drop a downward trend

波动动词：fluctuate, go up and down, rise and fall

波动名词/形容词：fluctuation, variable=inconsistent

持平动词：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant

修饰程度的副词：steadily < slightly/slowly/gradually/moderately < significantly/considerably/sharply/rapidly/dramatically/drastically/steady < slight/slow/gradual/moderate < significant/considerable/sharp/rapid/dramatic/drastic

大约：about/almost/approximately/around

极大值/极小值：peak/top/highest point; bottom/lowest point

多：

  • double/triple/quadruple/fourfold
  • increase to 3 times
  • increase by 3 times
  • two times as many as…

–

少：

  • half
  • one third
  • quarter

–

时间描述：throughout/over/during the period, from…to… , at the beginning of, by the middle of, at the end of, in the first/second half of, in the first/following 50 years(decade)

趋势变化：

  • The proportion of 26-40 year olds living a solitary life declined slightly to 22% in 1900, and then it increase to 45% over the next 100 years.
  • The percentage of 26-40 year olds living alone in the UK fell from 25% to 22% in 1900, before rising to 45% from 1900 to 2000.
  • The percentage of 26-40 year olds living alone in the UK fell from 25% to 22% in 1900, after which the figure rise to 45% from 1900 to 2000.
  • The proportion of 26-40 year olds living a solitary life significantly increased from 25% in 1850 to 45% in 2000, although it had a slight decrease from in the first 50 years.

–

趋势相反：

  • There was an opposite trend in the figure for 26-40 years old, falling from 20% in 1850 to only half of the beginning.
  • In terms of figure for 26-40 years old, the tendency is opposite, which decrease from 20% in 1850 to 10% in 2000.

–

虽然生了但仍然最低，虽然讲了但仍然最高：
Although the figure for insurance rose fourfold to 8%, it remained the lowest.

对象+趋势动词+副词+数值+时间：The proportion of 55-65 year olds living a solitary life declined considerably from 3% in 1850 to 15% in 1900

对象+动词+形容词+趋势名词+数值+时间：The proportion of 55-65 year olds living a solitary life experienced a significant decrease from 3% in 1850 to 15% in 1900

There be + 趋势名词 + in + 对象 + 时间：There was a 12% drop in the percentage of 55-65 year olds living by their own from 1850 to 2000

趋势名词+be seen+in+对象+时间：A downward trend was seen in the proportion of 26-40 year olds living a solitary life from 25% to 20% during the first 50 years.

时间+seewitness+趋势的名词+in+对象+数值：The first 50 years witnessed a downward trend in the propotion of 26-40 year olds living a solitary life from 25% to 20%.

静态图

分类：

  • 按顺序分类
  • 按照类别分类
  • 倍数关系/差值整数的为一组
  • 最大最小值和其他的一组

句型(比较)

while: For primary school, the average teaching time per year in the USA was the highest(about 900 hours), while the figure for other three countries was almost the same(at 600).

followed by: For primary school, the average teaching time per year in the USA was the highest(about 900), followed by the figure for the other three countries(600)

compared with: For primary school, the average teaching time per year in the USA was 900 hours, compared with 600 in the other three countries.

换分类：
In Spain, the average teaching time per year in the USA was 900 hours, which is 600 in the other three contries.

which: For primary school, the average teaching time year in the USA was 900 hours, which is 600 in the other three countries.

比较级: For primary school, the average teaching time per year in the USA was much longer than the gigure for Japan, at 900 and 500 respectively.

整减：Teachers from upper secondary school in USA topped the list of teaching time per year, with an average number of 1,100 hours, 100 hours higher than the figure for Spain(1000h)

倍数关系：In Spain, the teaching time in upper secondary was the highest(1000h), nearly twice as long as the figure for primary and lower secondary(about 500)

排序：

  • In the consumers’ opinions, the most effective method to alleviate global warming is recycling, which is at the bottom of the researchers’ list.
  • Recycling is regarded as the most effective way to cope with global warming by the consumers, but it only ranks fifth in the researchers’ opinions.
  • The consumers believe that recycling comes first in terms of reducing global warming, whereas the researchers rate it the lowest in their effectiveness ratings.
  • Although both the consumers and the researchers advocate recycling, its rankings on their lists are strikingly different, first in comparison with last.

–

常用词语：

  • Rank/Rank high/Top/Ahead of/followed by/Maintain Middle posiions/At the top of the table/At the bottom of the list/At the bottom of /rank frist/come first

句式表达

对象+be+数字：In the USA, the average teaching time per year in upper decondary was 1100.

对象+take up+数字：In the USA, the average teaching time in upper decondary toke up 1100 hours per year.

更换对象+spend/work等主动词+数字：In the USA, each teacher in upper decondary school spent work about 1100 hours per year.

被动语态：In the USA, 1100 hours were spent on teaching in upper decondary school per year.

where: In the USA, the average teaching time is the highest in upper decondary, where teacher spend 1100 hours each year.

with: Teachers from upper secondary school in USA topped the list of teaching time per year, with an average number of 1100 hours.

结尾

动态图：

  • 挑典型
  • 分趋势
  • 分变化

静态图：

  • 挑典型
  • 换方向对比